oops i forgot to say where i got my info:

www.americanrevolution.org/ind1.html

THANKS FOR READING MY BLOG!

When it came to the Preliminary Articles of Peace in 1782, the Natives were never mentioned. No credit was given to the Native Americans for aiding either of the sides.

The British let their allies fall in the dust, many Natives resented this.

Americans were no better than the British in this case. They siad that, because the Natives chose the losing side to aide, the Natives deserve to lose their land rights. The Natives never gave up their land to accomodate these terms.

The Brits continued to trade with the Natives out of sympathy. Some would say the British did it to stop the negative articles being published about how the British government could not keep their word. The British citizens felt sympathy for the Native Americans.

IN 1780, Pensacola was threatened by the Spanish to be taken back from the Brits. Two thousand Creeks came to the Britains aide and the Spanish decided they were not ready to face off just yet. But a year later, the Spanish returned but more prepared. They took back Pensacola and soon after took Augusta and Savannah.

The South seemed to be closer to an American victory than a British one. The Natives were smart and realized this. The Cherokees, Chicksaws, and Chocktaws decided they wanted to make peace with the Americans.

Britain paid their Native American allies for just being at their disposal. Parliament soon felt that this investment was not providing any profit.
In March of 1779, Parliament discussed the advantages and disadvantages to figure if dropping the alliances would be better than keeping the Native agents. In the end they decided to keep allies because they were getting some profit from trade with them. And there was a higher demand for Native goods.

IN May 1776, (despite what the Southern colonies had wanted and preached: for the Natives to stay neutral) delegates of the Shawnees, Delawares, and Mohawks came down to the Cherokees to convince them to fight against the Americans. The Cherokees were persuaded and started tomahawking.

The South American colonists retalliated by scorching their land and villages. But the Cherokees just moved farther West and watched what the colonists were doing.

What happened to the Cherokees made the Creeks dislike the Americans more but, at the same time, they did not want to face the same scorching.

The Oneidas and Tuscarorons (the only two tribes out of the 6 Iriquois nations will to help the American cause) met in Albany in September of 1777 with American General Philip Schuyler (at right). The Natives agreed to aid the Americans in dealing with Burgoyne at Freeman's Farm. The Natives followed under General Horatio Gate.

After fighting off the British and their Native allies, they retreated to New York. There they through a bloody temper tantrum, aka guerilla warfare on the interior Patriot settlements. This was between 1778 and 1779. George Washington and General John Sullivan responded by scorching the Native American crop land and villages of the opposing Iriquois nations.

In the South, the British had 14,000 Native American warriors at their disposal. Three thousand Cherokees, 3,000 Choctaws, 3,000 Creeks (joined later), 5,000 Chickasaws.

On August 6, 1777, the Iriquois surrendered all the unity they had, that made them a stong nation, at the Battle of Oriskany.

Their fighting resulted in the Great Peace being dissolved. The Great Peace was a cooperation treaty between the 6 major tribes in the North to unite under the Iriquois Nation. It was established at the Iriquois Confederacy.

It was brother Native vs. brother Native.

The Natives on the British side were doing Britains dirty, rather bloody, work. Jefferson wrote of the change in the Native Americans in the Declaration of Indepence.

" The King has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontier the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguishable destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions."

July 1776, Joseph Bryant and Colonel Guy Johnson returned to America from discussing alliance tems in Britain. Bryant was convinced that the British would win and therefore his brother Natives needed to join at once to the winning side. He immediately told them of his idea of joining the British side and 4 tribes out of the 6 agreed to do so. The division made the oh so powerful Nothern Nation tribe weaker. The two tribes who did not join were the Oneida and Tuscarora.

Their alliance was made official at the Congress at Irondequoit in July 1777.

IN July of 1775, the Continental Congress came up with (instead of only 2) three "superintendentencies" to keep the Natives out of the family scuffle, but this proved to fail.

IN the summer of 1776, the Americans and the British formally asked for Iriquois aide. Formally means that they had been, for a time, trying to get Native American aide informally. Only when they absolutely needed them, did it become formal. Both of the running candidates for the Iriquois to choose from, buttered them up with feast and tempting offers.

Indian support was the last resorts on the Loyalist and Patriot lists of whom to enlist for the war.

But both sides did stronlgy advise the Natives to stay out of the Family Scuffle and remain neutral no matter what the other side offered.

George Washington had a different list apparently. He was in desperate need for more men, if they were going to win this Revolution. He enlisted gunmen from the Eastern tribes during the winter of 1774-1775. The tribes were: Stockbridge Passamaquoddy, St. John's, and Penubscot.
The fall of 1775, the British General Gage justified using other Native recruits because Washington had.

Sir William Johnson was succeeded by his son Sir Guy Johnson (seen above). Johnson was given the task to finish what his father had started and successfully convinced the Iriquois not to fight. I am not sure who is the mysterious Native American behind Johnson but I am guessing it is the Mohawk leader, Joseph Bryant.

A year before Lord Dunmore's War of 1774, the arrangements between the seaboard colonists and the Native Americans of the interior were no longer in effect. They had agreed to leave each other alone.

Dunmore began moving into the tans-Alleghany are of the Natives. This was an awful idea. He trasgressed on Delaware and Shawnee lands. The Natives there started fighting against Dunmore and his possy.

The Iriquois did not like how the white men were disrespecting their Native brothers and were ready to help defend their brothers.

Johnson then had the task of persuading the Iriquois not to fight. When he got close to sealing the deal, he died.

THe British were not all that interested in dealing with angry Native Americans so the Proclamation of 1763 was put in effect. The Proclamation stated that the colonists were not to settle past the Appalachian mountains. The British were trying to reassert the crown's soveriegnity over the colonists.

The Proclamation was not heeded to by all the colonists.

The interior Native Americans had to difed themselves and their homeland with arms. The English tried to enforce their own control onto the Natives. This would somewhat lead to the idea of reservations, since the land behind the Appalachians was "reserved" for the Natives.

Native Americans in the Background of a Family Scuffle

In 1775, Sir William Johnson was appointed as the superintendent of Native American affairs for the Northern colonies; Sir Edmond Atkins was appointed for the Southern colonies. The colonial assemblies, therefore, had less control when it came to handle little arguments between them and the Native Americans.

Superintendents were the next rank under the commander-in-chief of the forces. They were needed because of the French and American threats. Not to forget that the Native Americans were an unpredictable force to be reckoned with.

Louisiana was like an island which helped tighten the closeness of individual communties. Development was slow as a result. In 1930, bridges were built to connect to the outside. This opened communications with other people to allow for the close communities develop at a quicker pace.

Louisiana was one of the main choices of French territory to migrate to. It was somewhat like an island, therefore the community did not develop like the outer communities.

Louisiana's tightness shined through, when, even after being taken by the Germans, English, and Spanish, they kept their Cajun lives. As these countries took Louisiana, some made laws regarding speaking French.

One could find good work as farming sugar cane and sweet potatoes, a strong Roman Catholic society, and the language as Cajun.

When French-Canadian families came over to Enlgland, they were not completely cut off from their home in Cananada. Because of this, in 1840 a train was built from Boston to Quebec. This advancement, like in Louisiana took time to integrate into the tight communities.

Like mentioned before, the French residents were given two options after the land switched hands. Only in 1755 was this rule enforced. The British forced almost all the French out of the land at gunpoint. This event was called Le Grand Derangement.
At a later time, after the Seven Year's War, in 1763 more Canadian land got ceded to the Brits. This forced more French off the now British land into New England, not at gunpoint though. Many left because of the bad crop land and short harvest seasons. In New England, there was common ground between all in the French language, Roman Catholicism, and their history and culture. They were able to work in lumberyards and textile mills, and settle in the woods in the North.

From 1756 to 1763, France participated in the Seven Year's War but did not succeed. Becuase of this, France lost alot. To add to that, earlier on in 1713, France had to cede to the Brits: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Islands, and a part of Maine. The French citizens at that time were given the option to stay as subjects of the British crown or leave. Those who left were called Acadians. Most of them left for Louisiana.

So this is King Louis the XIV. He fell into the international race to conolized America. He sent men and women to Canada and North America. There was fighting over land between the French and the British mostly. After almost every encounter they had, it seemed that the Brits came out victorius most of the time. So the French retaliated, but that seemed to be futile.

Between the 1730’s and 1740’s, America had a sudden revival of religious fervor. This revival was called the Great Awakening. There was a need, in the churches’ eyes, for the young people to come back to the Church and be saved. The fervor the ministers wanted was emotional, like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield. This emotion idea was very effective yet temporary. The Great Awakening contributed to the separation of Church and State with the emergence of individualism in spirituality, the schisms within the Protestant religions, and their sheer numbers.
Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield were the “New lights”, they preached with emotion. Edwards struck fear into the young and reiterated the doctrines of the Protestant faith that would make anyone believe him. His most famous and published sermon is “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.” Edwards did not censure his sermons for the young or weak of heart. He preferred (and many more ministers learned his preaching techniques) to be straight up in their faces, speaking of how they would be going to hell and speaking on the infallibility of their doctrines. Most people, for some reason, liked this. Whitefield took a softer approach, yet had the same amount of emotion. He talked to the congregation with energy and the skills of the best public speaker. Documents have been written (or maybe I just thought I heard it from Mrs. Lawson) on how people would faint and wail, like frying bacon. These two men, as well as other ministers of the New light, went around the colonies preaching. This was a fully American experience. Colonies still had the “old lights” who would preach as they always had, which attracted those who felt that the modern churches were too theatrical. This difference of preaching and worship caused there to be splits within the already divided Protestant church. The splits did not change the fact that every American was a part of this historical event. It unified them. Most of America was practicing a Protestant division. This new fervor called to duty new preachers and clergy men, so colleges were built. Britain’s religion of the state was the Church of England. Britain still was indirectly controlling the American people through appointed governors and enforcing this religion on some. The colonies resented this. The G.A. embraced the idea of different and personal worship. By statistics on the religions in America at that time, the majority were: Congregationalists, Anglicans, German Lutherans, etc. The minority were Catholics, Methodists, and Jews.
The emergence of individualism in the spiritual life allowed for the people to decide that no government would govern over this personal of a mater, freedom of worship. The schisms within the Protestant denominations would not allow for one religion to be superior, to be at the head of the government. As united Americans, everyone felt this way. The G.A. scaled all the colonies; there is such diversity and just so many numbers of members that to give one control over the other was unwanted. These factors led to a strong want for the Church (es) and State to be separated. This way their freedom would be protected by themselves and therefore could not be jeopardized.

This just says America to me, not because of the message underneath, but because for some reason it speaks to me. Whoever painted this was saying, "This is who we are. Deal." I beleive that is a characteristic of many Americans. America is a mix of the young and the old, and i see this with the new red motorcycle next to the very old car. Then there is the not-so-nice-looking motel across from the nicer looking one.

Music Project

1. VIRGIN MADRE DE DIOS
This song was written for the Church scene. I don't know latin so I can only guess that it edified spiritually those who were participating in singing or listening. I would say this is really European so what it has to do with America is bringing their culture there. They wanted to convert people. Religious extension was one of the main reasons for coming to America so I would have to say these voices were very important.

2. APACHE INDIAN DRUMS
I read that Native American drums were used to tell stories and to respect the animal who died for that drum to be made (the animal was"living" when the drums are played). This song is completely independent from European influences. It sortof exemplifies what America was in the earliest days before the Europeans came. The artist is a part of American history because he was a part of the beginning. And there would be no history if there was not a beginning.

3. SHAMAN'S CALL (FROM THE EARTH SPIRIT)
In this song there is a mixture of European and Native American styles of music (violin=Euro, drums and flute=NA). Towards the end drums begin to play, which signify to me a struggle. Maybe the struggle is between the Natives and the Europeans. Eventually only the flute is playing, simbolizing the Native American victory to cut themselves away from the European pressure to change their ways of life lto be like theirs. This is important to American history because there was a struggle overall with the push to have the Natives become less "savage." Both people affected each others history in negative and positive ways.

4. BRAVE WOLFE
It was performed around the 1990's. It was written in remembrance of the British General James Wolfe who faught in 1759 in the American Revolution. The beginning of the song is ominous in the tempo yet courageous. It could symbolize a pep talk before the battle. The middle of the song has a quicker tempo, it is upbeat and still courageous. This could be the actual battle. With the violin and the trumpet going back and forth there is the sense of conflict. At the end, there is a struggle near to when Wolfe died on the battlefield. But it is strong all the way to the last second. It is an honor to die for what you believe in.
I think it was really good. I like that type of music. I learned that he was a decorated General and that he defeated France in Canada which is what the song is about.

5. JOHNNY HAS GONE FOR A SOLDIER (aka buttermilk hill)
This was written during the American Revolution. It focuses on the sacrifice that the men and women made during the war. The story is told in resemblance to Siuil Aruin, and Irish song about the hardships in Dublin. I do not like anything folky, so the music I did not like but the story was good. This song shows that not only was it hard for those in the battle but for those at home. The main providers were gone and so began the time of independent women.

6. HARD TIMES COME AGAIN NO MORE
This song was written in 1854. This song was written about the idea that affected so many lives; if you were born poor you were always going to be poor. This song was sung by an African American woman so it must have been difficult for her. The story is told either from personal experiance or from her ancestors' trials and tribulations. I like a song with such a powerful message as equal rights and the style of the music is good. It teaches me that, no matter how hard times got, America got out because of hopeful people who decided to do something to make a change for the better.

7. PADDY'S LAMENT
I am not positive when this was written but I do know that it was written in response to the book. The book was about the hardships faced during the Irish Potato Famine in 1846-1847. And many left Dublin for America. The song screams anti-war. I personally do not like songs like these. Many people disagreed with how the United States would handle their problems and Sinead was one of them.

8. JESUS CHRIST
This song was written in 1940 during WWII. People were still suffering from the affects of the Great Depression even though there was more work for the war effort. I think what Woody might be saying is that he does not like change. He believes that the rich and the government are not acting very Christian like. At one point he says the slave isn't Christian like. Which I do not understand (Mrs. Lawson?). The story is told from a white worker's point of view. Its country so I do not like it. The United States, I think was trying to seperate more the Church and the State and this may have seemed "un-Christian like."

9. DO RE MI
This song was originally written by Woody Guthrie(1912-1967) in 1937. This was during the Great Depression. The song is about the tough times in California, specifically. It is about how to survive one had to work to the bone. It is first person since he lived through it. I think it is a blunt song saying that to work there is hard and not everyone can do it. The Depression was hard and there is no way to sugar coat it.

10. STRANGE FRUIT
Meeropol, an immigrant, wrote it in 1903 as a piece of literature. He was affected by his belief in Communism, the Russian Revolution, fascism, and the Great Depression. Billie sang it during the Civil Rights Movement(1955-1968) at a bar in New York. To get it recorded was hard to do. The song talks about a world so beautiful yet filled with horrible acts, like lynching innocent African Americans. The music and singing is ominous, chilling, or haunting. It carries a powerful message that gave me goosebumps. It is not a song I would listen to for fun, but it is a great song.

11. A CHANGE IS GONNA COME(2008)
This contemporary song is about the remembrance of what African Americans went through but the hope they had to move on and change what was wrong. It is told on a personal level because those who were hurt were his ancestors. I think it is a good song, but to dwell on the past is unhealthy. At the same time, to just forget what happened is worse. The United States was not at its peak during the time of slavery.

12. YOUNGSTOWN
This song was written during the 80's around the time, when Ohio was bankrupt after being the center of steel production. Ohio as a whole was affected by this. The story is told as if he was there when it happened, but I am not sure if he was. He wrote alot about what was going on around him, not necessarily right next to him. I don't like country. But it is a good story. The United States had its ups and downs.

13. THE TIMES THEY ARE A-CHANGIN'
It was written in 1963 during the Civil Rights Movement. The song is sending a message that if you do not accept the positive change (towards equal rights) you might sink under the currnet. People will try to make your mind up for you and don't let them, but don't say anything. Be a bystander to see what happens? Bob Dylan is for the Civil Rights Movement. I don't like folk music but I like the message.

14. THE HANDS THAT BUILT AMERICA
U2 sang this song in the 90's. The meaning of the song is to show how diverse America really is. We are not just Americans but African Americans, Asian Americans, etc. It is our ancestors who made the United States to be open to other cultures and ideas and appearance. The point of view of U2 is American. They realize that they have many to thank for making the United States so diverse and interesting. I really like this song.

15. WE DIDN'T START THE FIRE
This song depicts an attitude of acceptance towards the idea that war will happen. It is just a way of life that cannot be avoided. No matter who started it or who provoked it, there is no one who can have all the blame of violence. The story is told not in a blaming way or in a condescending way, it is just telling it how it is. This song starts in the 50's and goes up to the 70's and shows all the bad things and all the good things that happened during those times.

Mayflower Discussion Questions

1. The Pilgrims had a strong want for religious freedom that surpassed their fears or doubts. Their extremely religious life gave them something to hope in and work for. Their want limited them also, because there was division between the "Strangers" and the "Saints." This division made their goal of a thriving colony seem harder to reach.

3. we all want to believe that going to America, the New World, was just meant to be. Stories were sugar-coated to make our home seem deserved, not like it was taken away from the Natives, who had every right to want the unwelcomed Pilgrims to leave.

4. In the 1670's, there was more competition between the European powers. As there was fighting for land, Native Americans got caught in the crossfire and were merely toys to get what the competitors wanted. If there was not any competition there would be no problem. There was probably some more land South but that was not what was wanted. English lands were wanted.

5. Squanto was witty, knowledgeable, and an opportunist. Because he was so knowledgeable when it came to the Enlgish language and culture, he got the adventagious job of relaying information back and forth. He was always in the loop. he used this information for himself and started a "psychological war" between the Natives and the English. Although he did not get very far he had begun suspicions and speculations on both sides so that there was a bit of tension.

6. The children of the Pilgrims probably accepted this because they thought it a compliment. The had achieved complete independence from the Natives as to be able to forget what the Natives had done for their people. I believed it was deserved but not as a compliment. They had forgotten why they were there to begin with. History was very imprtant to the Natives, they would have done well the to learn from the Natives.

8. In movies natives americans are seen to be savages who need to be overcome and taught their way is wrong. Philbrick makes it clear that the Natives were smart human beings. They were the ones who helped the English survive. In movies, Natives are also depicted as viscious warriors. This is true.

9. I do not see any heros. Others might see Church as one but he said he would not enslave Natives. Then, to impress Moseley, he captures 14 Natives.

10. During King Philip's War there were many "friendly fires." The "misconceptions of racial identity" definately prolonged the war. By stereotyping all Natives ('a good Indian is a dead Indian'-Moseley), the English lost good allies.

11. Like said before, the Natives were not a "monolith." A Tribe vs. B Tribe, was not something uncommon berfore the English came. What was surprising was the fact that when the Natives were captured they freely gave up information on their family's whereabouts. If I was a Native American during that war, I would have picked sides with the Natives, because the English wronged the Natives more.

12. Neither Native or English could be morally superior to the other. Thier torture practices and killing of women and children cannot be differentiated. It was all the same.

15. Yes he was "undecided." He made sure to get enough information to allow the reader to decide for himself or herself who was morally wrong or right. He avoided no issues. He brought them up and displayed facts for both sides and left the rest to the reader. In a factual telling of this series of events in America, there are no "moral lessons."

Hey

ok. so this is my first post for AP U.S. and this is soooo exciting.