HIKING THE TARIFF HIGHER

35. The Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law established the tariff rate of 38.5%. The president was authorized to reduce or increase duties. He had a limit, though, of 50%.

36. The high tariff course of Republicans, Harding and Coolidge Administrations, set off an ominous chain reaction. They raised the rate 32 times and reduced it only 5 times.

37. In response to the American high-tariff walls, Europe built higher barriers. These walls and barriers deepened the international economic crisis hole. Hitler would use this to his advantage.

And now go to Anna's blog to continue this trecherous study guide: annasapushblog.blogspot.com

JAPANESE MILITARISTS ATTACK CHINA

98. The West was occupied with "economic woes", so the Japanese took advantage of this and preoccupied themeselves with taking Manchuria. They hoped to close the Open Door policy shut. The international reaction was one of shock of the spontaneous violence after Japan had joined the League of Nations and signed other peaceful pacts. Many Americans decided to boycott Japaneses products and advocated for a blockade by the League supported by the U.S. The League had their hands tied, so the U.S. enacted the Stimson Doctrine in 1932. It stated that the U.S. would not recognize any territorial gains achieved through unjustified force.

99. It can be argued that WWII actually commenced in 1931 by the lack of security that came for the League's fear of using its economic and naval power to stop the Japanese.

HOOVER PIONEERS THE GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY

100. Hoover strobe to abandon T.R's take on the Monroe Doctrine, because he was a ture humanitarian. When he saw the affects of the U.S's depression on those under the Rio Grande he saw there was a need for some changes. He made a pact with Haiti in 1932 to ensure the extrication of American troops by 1934. In 1933, the last of the American soldiers in Nicaragua left, after 20 years of occupation.

And THAT is how the job should be finished :)

Stemming the Foreign Blood

From 1920-21==800,000 immigrants (2/3 from S & E Euro) came to Am. == Am.'s not so

happy.

Am's not happy = Congress responded to this flow with the Emergency Quota Act of 1921~3%

of a certain people in 1910 decided the amount of migrants to come in a year's

time. The Southern Europeans were fine with this b/c there were already so many of them in America during that specific year.

Eventually upgraded=Immigrat'n Act of 1924~instead of 3% of 1910 ppl, became 2% of 1890

ppl. AND excluded Japanese.

As one can imagine, the Japanese were not particularly fond of this = American hat rallies :(

Immigrat'n Act= end to an era that had welcomed 35 million New Immigrants~still left over:

communities of specific ethnicities that had a language barrier.

Language Barrier= difficult for workers to form Labor Unions (trick of employers).

=undermining of class and political solidarity.

1931== more foreigners left than had came.

America's sacrifice= tradition of freedom , opportunity, and future cultural diversity.

:)

Suffering Until Suffrage

32.The war split the women's movement into two groups: progressive-era feminists who were pacifists and those women who supported the war. The pacifists were represented by the National Woman's party led by Alice Paul. The war supporters were represented by the National American Woman Suffrage Association.

33. The war momentum let President Wilson see the amount of work women had put into society for the war effort. He saw this as "a vital necessary war measure." The vote for woman suffrage went to the state level for gov't. The 19th Amendment was passed in 1920. It provided all American women the innate right to vote.

34. Congress affirmed, with the passage of the Sheppard-Toward Act of 1921, that it supported women's efforts in their roles as mothers. The Act provided classes instructing women on maternal and child health care.

Your turn Brenna!!!!http://brennasapus.blogspot.com/

Progressive Era Foreign Policy Acts

The Panama Canal Tolls Act of 1912~ repealed by Wilson 2 years later; had exempted Am's from shipping tolls=Brits really mad at unfairness.

Jones Act 1916~Anti-Imp, like Wilson; Philippines got territorial status and would be given independence whenever they could establish a stable gov't (30 years later)

Progressive Era Conservation/Land use Acts

The Desert Land Act of 1877~ the federal gov't sold dry land cheap iff the purchase would be irrigated in 3 years.

The Forest Reserve Act of 1891~ the president set aside forests as nat'l parks. the amount of saved trees was 46 million acres.

The Carey Act of 1894~ distribution of federal land to states to be irrigated and settled.

The Newlands Act of 1902~ pushed by Teddy-R. Washington would take a cut of the sale of Western public lands to put towards irrigation projects.

New Federal Agencies

The Women's Bureau (1920) and Children's Bureau (1912) were began by female activists. They were wedges into the federal bureaucracy to reform in the Department of Labor.

The Federal Trade Commission of 1914 was passed under Wilson because of his want to deal with the trusts. The commission would investigate and crush monopolies by extricating unlawful competition, false ads, mislabels, adulteration, and bribery.

The Federal Reserve of 1913 saved America from a financial crisis in WWI. There came into existance a Federal Reserve Board dutied wih 12 regional reserve districts each with a central bank. It issued Federal Reserve Notes (commercial paper money) which increased circulation.

The Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 made credit open to farmers at low interest rates :).

Amendments to the Constitution

The 16th Amendment~Congress established a graduated income tax (1913)

The 17th Amendment~Senators would be elected by popular vote (1913)

The 18th Amendment~The selling and manufacturing of alcoholic liquors was forbidden. (1919; repealed in 1933)

The 19th Amendment~ Women could have the right to vote. (1920)

Protecting Workers

The La Follette Seaman's Act of 1915 required humane treatment and a mangeable wage on merchant ships. This was nice BUT it had a negative consequence: as freight rates increased so did crew wages.

The Workers Compensation Act of 1915 offered assistance to temporarily disabled workers of the federal civil-service.

Anti-Trust

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 attempted to control trusts based on their size not their monopolistic strategens. Not really effective because crafty corporate lawyers uncovered loopholes to slip through. BUT effective in that it decreased labor unions that were "restraining trade." It was used in 1911 against the Standard Oil Co.

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 lengthened the list of no-no's of business practice: price discrimination. It gave benefits to laborers~exempted labor and agricultural org's from anti-trust prosecution and legalized strikes and peaceful picketing.

Food Safety

The Meat Inspection Act of 1906 was passed by Congress under Teddy-R. It stipulated the inspection of meat products, crossing state borders, from the living animal to the package. Large businesses used this to their advantage to rid of smaller businesses.

The Pure Food & Drug Act of 1906 prevented the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and medicines.

Railroads

The Elkins Act of 1903 was passed by Congress under Teddy-R. RR's who would give rebates and shippers who accepted these would be fined.

The Hepburn Act of 1906 restricted any forms of bribery. It also expanded the Interstate Commerce Commission which authorized to nullify existing rates and conditioned maximum rates.